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The All-Polish Youth ((ポーランド語:Młodzież Wszechpolska)) is a Polish youth organization based on nationalistic doctrines, formerly affiliated with the League of Polish Families, with a Catholic-nationalist philosophy. Its agenda declares that its aim is to raise Polish youth in a Catholic and patriotic spirit. It currently plays a major role as part of the National Movement party. Its manifesto from 1989 states, for example, that "''one's country is the greatest earthly good. After God, your foremost love belongs to the Homeland, and foremost after God you must serve your own country,''" and declares itself opposed to "doctrines promoting liberalism, tolerance, and relativism. The earliest roots of Polish Youth reach back to 1922, the organisation was delegalised in 1934 and the present incarnation was created on December 2, 1989. Polish Youth was affiliated with the League of Polish Families, but was never officially its youth wing.〔http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomosci/1,80708,4615980.html〕 In recent years, All-Polish Youth have been widely condemned as homophobic by various organisations including Amnesty International,〔(Amnesty International Report 2006 - Poland (archived by UNHRC, United Nations Refugee Agency) )〕 Human Rights Watch,〔(Human Rights Watch (Scott Long) )〕 and the United Nations.〔(UN Human Rights Council - Universal Periodic Review, Annual Report 2005 (page 6) )〕 == Pre-war All-Polish Youth == The organisation, properly the Academic Union "All-Polish Youth" (''Związek Akademicki "Młodzież Wszechpolska"''), was founded in 1922 as an ideological youth organisation with a strong nationalist sentiment,〔Wapiński 1980, 238.〕 and was the largest student organisation in the Second Polish Republic. The Founding Convention of the All-Polish youth took place in March 1922, with Roman Dmowski being selected honorary chairman. The term "All-Polish" is intended to represent a desire to unify all Polish lands, and accentuate national ties and the equality of all people of Polish origin regardless of their wealth or social status. The idea for creating the organization occurred when Poland was partitioned and not officially on the world map, therefore it aimed to unite Poles from all three partitions. In the inter-war period, members of the organisation participated actively in academic life, and became the heads of many student organisations. The All-Polish Youth was the largest student organization in Poland during the 1930s. The goals of the organization were mainly focused on three issues:〔Kulińska 2000, 36-37.〕 # Defending the autonomy of universities against centralising forces of the government # Campaigning for lower tuition fees # Limitation of non-Polish, especially Jewish students, from higher education to prevent exclusion of Polish students from the countryside All-Polish Youth was the least radical of organizations of the National Democracy camp.〔Jacek Misztal, “Związek Akademicki Młodzież Wszechpolska 1922-1939, p. 164.″〕 Nevertheless, some of its members praised Mussolini and his Italian fascism for its hardline stances towards the left and realisation of "national revolution".〔Wapiński 1980, 243-244.〕 Part of the members, including Jędrzej Giertych, also praised Hitler's Germany〔Wapiński 1980, 317.〕 economical changes, but understood that it is with the contradiction with Polish national interests and changed his views a year after NSDAP obtained power in Germany.〔Jacek Misztal, “Związek Akademicki Młodzież Wszechpolska 1922-1939, p. 94.″〕 Most leaders of the All-Polish Youth criticized Hitler for racism and radicalism. According to Jan Mosdorf, a pre-war chairman of All-Polish Youth who died in Auschwitz for saving Jews, the organization was against fascists and Hitlerites.〔Mateusz Kotas, "Jan Mosdorf. Filozof, ideolog, polityk, p. 45."〕 Some Members of the All-Polish Youth also praised authoritarian regimes of the Mediterranean, Salazar's Portugal and Franco's Spain. They also favoured economically boycotting the Jews, limiting their access to higher education (numerus clausus)〔Wapiński 1980, 239.〕 in order to equal the chance of children from countryside families who had very limited access to education to the chance of the children of Jewish families living in the towns and cities.〔Jacek Misztal, “Związek Akademicki Młodzież Wszechpolska 1922-1939, p. 23″〕 The All-Polish Youth also actively campaigned for ghetto benches, segregated seating for Jewish students 〔Joanna Beata Michlic, ''Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present'', University of Nebraska Press, 2006, ISBN 0-8032-3240-3, p. 113.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「All-Polish Youth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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